Today, sought after 1960’s and 70’s era American Muscle Cars are not only rarely seen – they’re popularity has driven prices into outer orbit. Limited edition models can fetch hundreds of thousands to millions of dollars. A 1971 Plymouth "Hemi" Cuda convertible is currently valued at over $2 million dollars! A 1970 Chevrolet Chevelle SS-454/LS-6 convertible is now valued at nearly $500,000. These cars sold for around $3,000 new!..
The question is: What was so magical about this short period of American auto manufacturing history that allowed such timelessly styled, creatively designed, awe-inspiring vehicles to be brought into our world?
Even today, often the most popular American vehicles are revived relics from the 1960’s and 70’s. The new Ford Mustang is designed to look like the 1969 model year. The new Dodge Charger is a play on the beloved “General Lee” 1969 Dodge Charger. The Doge Challenger is another example. The new Chevrolet Camaro is also designed to bring the 1969 Camaro back to life (and hopefully, GM’s sales with it)!
It’s becoming exceedingly difficult to find many of these classic cars that are not already restored. Most forty year old vehicles were crashed and smashed - years ago. The opportunity to own one of these icons from America’s automotive “golden age” is quickly drawing to a close.
1965 Mustang Fastback
Pony Cars are often thought of as Muscle Cars. However, there are differences between these two treasured classics of American automobile hi-performance history.
1970 Chevrolet Chevelle SS 396 TV Ad
A Muscle car is a term used to refer to a variety of high performance automobiles. The term refers to American 2-door rear wheel drive mid-size cars of the late 1960s and early 1970s equipped with large, powerful V8s and sold at an affordable price for street use and drag racing, formally and informally.
A pony car is an American class of automobile launched and inspired by the Ford Mustang in 1964. The term describes an affordable, compact, highly styled car with a sporty or performance-oriented image. It was small by Detroit standards, with sporty styling... and the rear wheels were driven by an engine — ideally a big V8 — mounted up front... Pony cars were relatively small, relatively light and often absurdly powerful.
As such, both muscle and pony cars are distinct from two-seat sports cars and expensive 2+2 GTs intended for high-speed touring and road racing.
Though the notion of a muscle car as an American two-door with a big engine sold at an affordable price for street and drag racing is generally held, there is much blurring around its edges.
69 FIREBIRD DUAL EXHAUST
According to a contemporary issue of Road Test magazine (June 1967), "A muscle car is exactly what the name implies. It is a product of the American car industry adhering to the hot rodder's philosophy of taking a small car and putting a BIG engine in it. The Muscle Car is Charles Atlas kicking sand in the face of the 98 hp weakling.”
Commercial - 1969 Pontiac GTO Judge - Paul Revere And The Raiders
Opinions vary as to whether high-performance full-size cars, compacts, and pony cars qualify as muscle cars.
The following is a list of muscle cars and their manufacturers (along with the pony car of the same company):
Manufacturer - Pony car ~ Muscle car
AMC - Javelin ~ AMX
Chevrolet - Camaro ~ Chevelle
Dodge - Challenger ~ Charger
Ford - Mustang ~ Torino
Mercury - Cougar ~ Montego
Oldsmobile - none ~ 442
Plymouth - Barracuda ~ Road Runner
Pontiac - Firebird ~ GTO
My blown 69 chevelle start up
The end of an Era
Led by Ralph Nader, the automotive safety lobby decried offering powerful cars for public sale, particularly when targeted at young buyers. They were very upset at the power of many muscle cars, their marginal brakes, handling, and tire adhesion. In response, the automobile insurance industry levied surcharges on all high-powered models, an added cost that put many cars out of reach of their intended buyers. Simultaneously, efforts to combat air pollution, a problem that grew more complicated in 1973, when the OPEC oil embargo led to price controls and gasoline rationing—focused Detroit's attention on emissions control.
1969 Chevelle stretching her legs
A majority of of these cars came optioned with high-compression powerplants - some as high as 11:1. Prior to the oil embargo, 100-octane fuel was common (e.g. Sunoco 260, Esso Extra, Chevron Custom Supreme, Super Shell, Texaco Sky Chief, Amoco Super Premium, Gulf No-nox) until the passage of the Clean Air Act of 1970 where octane ratings were lowered to 91 - due in part to the removal of tetraethyl lead as a valve lubricant, unleaded gasoline was phased in.
With all these forces against it, the market for muscle cars rapidly evaporated. Horsepower began to drop in 1971 as engine compression ratios were reduced. High-performance engines like Chrysler's 426 Hemi were discontinued, and all but a handful of other performance models were discontinued or transformed into soft personal luxury cars. One of the last to succumb, a car that Car and Driver dubbed "The Last of the Fast Ones", was Pontiac's Trans Am SD455 model of 1973–1974.